The Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation oversaw the Burundi Peace Process, and will continue to offer its services to build peace in East Africa. One of Mwalimu Nyerere’s unique insights was that peace negotiation begins long before two warring parties agree to sit across from each other to find a compromise to end the fighting. Peace negotiation is an ongoing task that is part of a regional political process. Potential conflicts need to be recognized before the fighting begins. This requires a sensitive ear and ongoing dialogue with citizens; it requires historical and cultural knowledge; it requires analysis of how environmental and demographic pressures relate to conflict under various social and cultural conditions. With continued rapid population growth the region is likely to see strong enmities develop as communities compete for resources—water, land, and fuel. Preventing these enmities from turning into violent conflict is the first task of a Center for Peace Negotiation.